euro bölgesi ne demek?

Euro bölgesi, resmî adıyla euro alanı,¹ ortak para birimi ve yasal ödeme aracı olarak euroyu (€) seçen 19 Avrupa Birliği (AB) üyesinin oluşturduğu ekonomik ve parasal birlik. 1 Ocak 2015 itibarıyla euro bölgesinde Almanya, Avusturya, Belçika, Estonya, Finlandiya, Fransa, Hollanda, İrlanda, İspanya, İtalya, Kıbrıs, Letonya, Litvanya, Lüksemburg, Malta, Portekiz, Slovakya, Slovenya ve Yunanistan bulunmaktadır. Diğer AB üyesi ülkeler Danimarka hariç kriterleri karşıladıkları zaman euro bölgesine katılmak zorundadır.² Bugüne kadar hiçbir ülke bölgeden ayrılmadı; bu yönde herhangi bir hüküm de bulunmamaktadır.³

AB üyeleri

Euro kullanan ülkeler

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th><a href="Avrupa_Birliği_üyesi_ülkeler" title="wikilink">Ülke</a></th> <th>Uygulanma tarihi</th> <th>2019 Nüfus</th> <th>Nominal <a href="Gayrisafi_millî_hasıla" title="wikilink">GNI</a> 2019 (USD, milyonlar)<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref">1</a></th> <th>Kişi başı <a href="Gayrisafi_millî_hasıla" title="wikilink">GNI</a> nominal, 2019 (USD)<a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref">2</a></th> <th>Avro'dan önce kullanılan birim</th> <th>İstisnalar</th> <th><a href="ISO" title="wikilink">ISOkodu</a></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref">3</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Avusturya_şilini" title="wikilink">Şilin</a></td> <td></td> <td>AT</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref">4</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Belçika_frangı" title="wikilink">Frank</a></td> <td></td> <td>BE</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>2008-01-01<a href="#fn5" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref5" role="doc-noteref">5</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Kıbrıs_lirası" title="wikilink">Lira</a></td> <td><a href="#fn6" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref6" role="doc-noteref">6</a></td> <td>CY</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>2011-01-01<a href="#fn7" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref7" role="doc-noteref">7</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Estonya_kronu" title="wikilink">Kron</a></td> <td></td> <td>EE</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn8" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref8" role="doc-noteref">8</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Fin_markkası" title="wikilink">Markka</a></td> <td></td> <td>FI</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn9" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref9" role="doc-noteref">9</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Fransız_frangı" title="wikilink">Frank</a></td> <td><a href="New_Caledonia" title="wikilink">Yeni Kaledonya</a><a href="#fn10" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref10" role="doc-noteref">10</a><a href="Fransız_Polinezyası" title="wikilink">Fransız Polinezyası</a><a href="#fn11" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref11" role="doc-noteref">11</a><a href="Wallis_ve_Futuna" title="wikilink">Wallis ve Futuna</a><a href="#fn12" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref12" role="doc-noteref">12</a></td> <td>FR</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn13" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref13" role="doc-noteref">13</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Alman_markı" title="wikilink">Mark</a></td> <td></td> <td>DE</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>2001-01-01<a href="#fn14" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref14" role="doc-noteref">14</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Drahmi" title="wikilink">Drahmi</a></td> <td></td> <td>GR</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn15" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref15" role="doc-noteref">15</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Pound</td> <td></td> <td>IE</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn16" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref16" role="doc-noteref">16</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="İtalyan_lirası" title="wikilink">Lira</a></td> <td></td> <td>IT</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>2014-01-01<a href="#fn17" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref17" role="doc-noteref">17</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Letonya_Latsı" title="wikilink">Lats</a></td> <td></td> <td>LV</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>2015-01-01<a href="#fn18" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref18" role="doc-noteref">18</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Litvanya_litası" title="wikilink">Litas</a></td> <td></td> <td>LT</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn19" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref19" role="doc-noteref">19</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Lüksemburg_frangı" title="wikilink">Frank</a></td> <td></td> <td>LU</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>2008-01-01<a href="#fn20" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref20" role="doc-noteref">20</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Malta_lirası" title="wikilink">Lira</a></td> <td></td> <td>MT</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn21" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref21" role="doc-noteref">21</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Hollanda_guldeni" title="wikilink">Gulden</a></td> <td><a href="Aruba" title="wikilink">Aruba</a><a href="#fn22" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref22" role="doc-noteref">22</a><a href="Curaçao" title="wikilink">Curaçao</a><a href="#fn23" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref23" role="doc-noteref">23</a><a href="Sint_Maarten" title="wikilink">Sint Maarten</a><a href="#fn24" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref24" role="doc-noteref">24</a><a href="Karayip_Hollandası" title="wikilink">Karayip Hollandası</a><a href="#fn25" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref25" role="doc-noteref">25</a></td> <td>NL</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn26" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref26" role="doc-noteref">26</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Portekiz_esküdosu" title="wikilink">Escudo</a></td> <td></td> <td>PT</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>2009-01-01<a href="#fn27" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref27" role="doc-noteref">27</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Slovak_korunası" title="wikilink">Koruna</a></td> <td></td> <td>SK</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td>2007-01-01<a href="#fn28" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref28" role="doc-noteref">28</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Slovenya_Toları" title="wikilink">Tolar</a></td> <td></td> <td>SI</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td>1999-01-01<a href="#fn29" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref29" role="doc-noteref">29</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Peseta" title="wikilink">Peseta</a></td> <td></td> <td>ES</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <section class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes"> <hr /> <ol> <li id="fn1" role="doc-endnote">Data {{!}} Table|erişimtarihi=23 Haziran 2016|arşivtarihi=7 Mayıs 2016|arşivurl=<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507043605/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.ATLS.CD%7Cölüurl=hayır%7Cdf=dmy">https://web.archive.org/web/20160507043605/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.ATLS.CD|ölüurl=hayır|df=dmy</a>}}<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn2" role="doc-endnote">Data|erişimtarihi=24 Şubat 2016|arşivtarihi=28 Ekim 2016|arşivurl=<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028170148/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD%7Cölüurl=hayır%7Cdf=dmy">https://web.archive.org/web/20161028170148/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD|ölüurl=hayır|df=dmy</a>}}<a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn3" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn4" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn5" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn6" role="doc-endnote">The self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognised by the EU and uses the <a href="Turkish_lira" title="wikilink">Turkish lira</a>. However the euro does circulate widely.<a href="#fnref6" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn7" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref7" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn8" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn9" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn10" role="doc-endnote">French Pacific territories use the <a href="CFP_franc" title="wikilink">CFP franc</a>, which is pegged to the euro.(1 franc = 0.00838 euro)<a href="#fnref10" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn11" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn12" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn13" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn14" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref14" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn15" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn16" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn17" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref17" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn18" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref18" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn19" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn20" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref20" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn21" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn22" role="doc-endnote">Aruba is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but not the EU. It uses the <a href="Aruban_florin" title="wikilink">Aruban florin</a>, which is pegged to the US dollar.(1 dollar = 1.79 florins)<a href="#fnref22" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn23" role="doc-endnote">Currently uses the <a href="Netherlands_Antillean_guilder" title="wikilink">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a> and had planned to introduce the <a href="Caribbean_guilder" title="wikilink">Caribbean guilder</a> in 2014, although the change has been delayed. both are pegged to the US dollar.(1 dollar = 1.79 guilder)<a href="#fnref23" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn24" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn25" role="doc-endnote">ABD Doları kullanılmaktadır.<a href="#fnref25" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn26" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn27" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref27" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn28" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref28" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn29" role="doc-endnote"></li> </ol> </section>

Euro kullanmayan ülkeler

Danimarka, Maastricht Antlaşması'nda yer alan ayrıcalıklara dayanarak euroya geçmeyen AB üyesidir. Bu ülkenin hükûmetleri ya da bir referandum sonucu halkı bu yönde karar vermedikçe AB tarafından yasal bir baskıyla karşılaşmaz. 28 Eylül 2000'de Danimarka'da yapılan referanduma göre, oy verenlerin %53,2'si euroya geçmeye karşı çıkmıştır.

İsveç'in avro konusunda bir ayrıcalığı olmamasına karşın, bu ülkede gerçekleştirilen referandumlar euroya geçişi engeller durumdadır. 14 Eylül 2003'teki referanduma göre, oy kullananların %56,1'i euroya 'hayır' demiştir. Kriterleri karşıladıktan sonra Bulgaristan, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Hırvatistan, Macaristan, Polonya ve Romanya da euroya geçmek zorundadır.

AB üyesi olmadığı hâlde euro kullanan ülkeler

Andorra, Monako, San Marino ve Vatikan AB üyesi olmamalarına karşın, yapılan antlaşmalar çerçevesinde euro kullanmaktadır. Karadağ ve Kosova ise AB ile herhangi bir antlaşma imzalamadan euro kullanmaktadır.